- 相关推荐
英语说明文范文
相信大家都不可避免地会接触到作文吧，特别是作为主要学习作文类别之一的说明文，说明文写作的目的就是要告诉读者某个事物或某个事物的某方面的知识。那么大家知道优秀的说明文是怎么写的吗？以下是小编精心整理的英语说明文范文，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
英语说明文范文1
Write an expository essay on the problems man will be faced with in the new century.
In the new century, human beings will be filled with hope and live more advanced life. What used to be depicted in science fictions can be the reality of the near future. However, man will also have to confront with some problems that will curtail(剥夺)human beings of their existence.
First of all, pollution of all forms such as land pollution, noise pollution, air pollution and water pollution are worsening with each passing day. People complain all over the world that it is becoming harder to breathe and water is turning undrinkable. Also forests are being felled at a very fast rate. The pollutions are getting so terrible that in some countries we can’t find clean and clear rivers and white clouds in the sky! When the children draw a picture of their surroundings, they paint the green trees in gray, the red sun in gray, everything in gray, and they can’t find a pure environment except in the books.
Additionally, the explosion of population in some parts of the world is manifesting its terrible results. Human beings wil1 have outgrown the earth’s resources, and people will run a high risk of starvation and diseases resulting from overcrowding. In due course, man would be forced out of the earth if the present trend were not reversed.
What is more, in the past century we had many disastrous wars. But there is still potential that the atomic bomb will be used by some politicians in order to keep regional hegemony. If it should happen, the exp1osion could easily lead to the destruction of civilization.
More seriously, the depersonalization of human relationships and the weakening of spiritual values are aggravating due to the stress caused by the busy schedules and the extreme pursuit of money. This will further contribute to man’s isolation and loneliness.
Apparently, with all these problems facing human beings, it seems to be overwhelmingly urgent to conquer them one by one because we have only one earth and it is our home. In the new century, we must try our best to heal the world and make it a better place for you, for me and for the children who will come to this world.
英语说明文范文2
Showing respect to parents is one of the Chinese traditional moral most of the students today are “the only child” in their family, they often regard themselves as the“centre”of the family, without caring much about their parents. Our school started a programme when the new year is “Respecting parents programme”. Ten“Do＇s”have been worked out for the students to follow clearly and easily, including:
“Remember your parents＇birthdays and express your best wishes to them; say”hello“to your parents when you see them returning home; and tell your parents where you go when you leave home.”
The programme has been successful, and has won praises from parents and other sides of the society. People say this is what we should have done earlier!
英语说明文范文3
It goes without saying that english plays an important role in our modern society. english is an international language. wherever you go, you can hear english spoken by many people.
From this point of view, it is true that english is important to our daily life. learning english is like learning to swim or learning to play ball. our primary trouble is that we have tackled the study of language from the wrong end. we are like theman who thinks he can learn to swim only by reading books about swimming. in actuality, we learn by doing. the grammatical rules are valuable as we plunge into the language and need some assistance. in the same way, advanced instructions about swimming are helpful as we learn something from actual experience in the water. but reading books never makes a swimmer and learning rules never makes a practical linguist. the regular procedure in learning english involves listening first, to be followed by speaking. then comes reading, and finally the writing of the language. the way you learn english is much the same as the way you learned your own language.
First of all you must listen and then repeat and repeat until you can use the language easily. in other words, you have to build up language habits in english just as you build up english habits in your own language. to sum up, we must bear in mind that nobody can learn to swim for you. nobody can learn to play ball for you. nobody can learn english for you. it's up to you. you must learn for yourself and you will learn if you really want to and are willing to practice.
英语说明文范文4
Huge population is one of the main problems in China. Since the 1970’s the Chinese government adopted a policy of family planning---- single-child policy---- as a basic state policy to solve this problem. Until now, this birth control policy is still implanted in our country and both positive and negative effects have been harvested.
With the adoption of the family planning policy, the rate of population growth has been successfully controlled. This has already brought about some satisfactory results in China. For one thing, people’s living standard has been greatly improved with our country becoming more and more prosperous, and our national economy developed steadily. Furthermore, with decreasing population, the problem of shortage of water in parts of China is solved gradually. In addition, with the low rate of birth, it goes with less energy consumption, which will benefit the overall development of our economy. Moreover, this policy has greatly reduced the financial burdens of the parents who have otherwise had more children, enabling them to focus their resources on the single child’s well-being and education.
However, the implementing of this policy also brings about some problems. First of all, as there is only one child in a family, the child becomes “little emperor” or “little empress” of the family, surrounded by parents and grandparents. The spoiled child can get whatever he likes and discards whatever he dislikes. This phenomenon is more popular in large cities will do great harm to the children themselves. They don’t cherish what they have got because they can easily get whatever they would like to. Worse still, in the future when they grow up, they might feel very difficult to adjust to the society or cope with the adversity. Some people also show great concern that when the single children get married, the couple have to take care of 4 old people.
While admitting that single-child policy does bring some negative effects on the single child, we must take it for granted that it has benefited and will continue to benefit the country. Therefore, we should carry it one and at the same time adopt some measures to avoid the adverse consequences the policy may produce.
英语说明文范文5
somethingyoumustknowthislibraryisandenglishlanguageteachingandlearninglibrary.ifyouwant
toborrowsomebooks,youmustfilloutalibraryapplicationformandputitin
theboxonthelibrariansdesk.becauseofthelargenumberofapplicationswe
receiveeachweek,youmustwaitoneweek.pleasebringyourstudentorworkcard
topickupyourlibrarycard.libraryapplicationformswhicharenotpickedup
within2monthswillbediscardedandyouwillhavetoreapply.
英语说明文范文6
论文关键词： 大学英语专业 精读课 说明文教学
论文摘 要： 根据《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》对精读课教学的要求，以及英语说明文的语篇模式的描述，作者提出，在大学英语专业精读课说明文教学实践中，应该着重抓住文章的语篇模式、组织结构、语言特点、写作技巧及修辞手段五个方面。作者认为，只有不断探索和创新，才能不断提高大学英语专业精读课说明文教学的水平。
一、引言
20xx年新颁布的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》附录I对基础英语教学（即本文中精读课教学）的要求是“培养和提高学生综合运用英语的能力。本课程主要通过语言基础训练与篇章讲解分析，使学生逐步提高语篇阅读能力，了解英语各种文体的表达方式和特点”。而通过长期的大学英语专业精读课教学的实践，笔者发现，很多时候课堂教学还停留在字、词、句的理解与运用上，而很少有人从宏观上系统地把握文章的脉络，包括文章的主题、结构、作者创作的意向，以及不同体裁的表达方式、特点等，这样带来的结果往往是学生在语篇分析能力和综合运用语言能力方面相对欠缺。根据《教学大纲》的要求，笔者在精读课教学中引进了体裁的概念，从语篇分析的高度对说明文课文进行宏观与微观分析，在说明文教学上进行了一些探索，通过实践，笔者发现，这样的教学方式在提高学生综合运用英语的能力的同时，也提高了大学英语专业精读课说明文教学的整体水平。
二、大学英语专业精读课课文所涉及的体裁及说明文语篇模式 说明文是描述某一事物，事由或过程的文章。它用于说明客观事物的特点和性能，或介绍某种操作程序，或解释某种抽象概念，或阐明某种科学原理，或探究某些自然现象及社会现象等，完全是就事论事的描述，所以也称事实性或技术性的描写文。把握所说明的事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。词典、论文、实验报告、产品说明、广告都属于这类体裁。说明文是学生、科学家、专业人员常用的一种体裁。说明文按照逻辑推理的方法阐述事物的发展过程和展示事物的关系。
语篇模式就是语篇内在的修辞结构（rhetorical structure）。它与文章的体裁有着密不可分的关系，体裁结构在语篇结构层面上对语篇的形成具有制约作用，那么语篇的组织模式必然也要受到体裁的制约（Yang Xuemei，20xx）。
说明文语篇模式宏观结构上常采用“问题—解决型”、“一般—特殊型”、“匹配比较型”语篇分析模式。第一种思维模式的程序是：首先说明情况，然后出现问题，随后作出反应，采取的反应可能解决了问题，也可能没有或没有完全解决问题，最后对此作出相应的评价。而第二种思维模式则通常表现为两种形式：一种是先概括后举例，另一种是先讲整体轮廓，后说诸多细节。第三种思维模式通常是以英语为母语的民族用来比较两个事物的相同之处或对比不同之处所使用的一种思维模式，这种语篇模式常用来比较事物异同。比较事物相似之处称为“匹配相容”（matching compatibility），比较事物差异则称为“匹配对比”（matching contrast）。人们常用这种思维模式来比较两个事物的相同之处和不同之处，先提出论点，再进行论证。这种语篇形式一般存在于较长的语篇中，常与一般特殊型组成复杂的思维模式。其表现形式为：重复法、词汇关联法和排比法三种（Yang Xuemei，20xx）。
根据说明文的定义及说明文的语篇分析模式，在课堂教学实践中，教师应注意说明文的三个方面。
1.语篇模式
在《现代大学英语》教材1—3册已学过的文章中有三篇说明文文章，涉及“一般—特殊型”和“问题—解决型”两种语篇模式。
2.组织结构
说明文一般包括三部分：引言、正文和结论。
3.写作目的
说明文的写作目的是解释说明客观事物的特点和性能，例如：介绍某种操作程序，解释某种抽象概念，阐明某种科学原理，或探究某些自然现象及社会现象，等等，其写作目的决定了说明文的语言特点、写作手法及修辞手段的使用。
根据以上说明文的定义及说明文语篇模式的分析、说明文教学的描述及《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》对精读课教学的要求，笔者认为，在大学英语专业精读课说明文教学实践中，应该着重抓住以下几个方面：说明文的语篇模式、组织结构、语言特点、写作技巧及修辞手段。下面笔者根据大学专业英语精读课教材《现代大学英语》中出现的说明文体裁语篇模式，针对以上几个方面的内容作进一步的分析和探讨。
三、大学英语专业精读课说明文教学
1.说明文的语篇分析模式和组织结构
不管说明文文章属于哪种语篇模式，一般包括三部分：引言：作者阐明要说明的问题；正文：呈现证据来支持其观点；结论：重申观点或得出结论。
例如：第二册第九课“Quick Fix Society”和第三册第一课“Your College Years”属于“一般—例证型”（Generalization—exmaple）体裁结构，这种体裁结构模式符合中国学生的思维模式，学生掌握和操作起来比较容易。其特点是先把要表达的思想概括成段落的主题句或全文的立证句，然后举例说明或交代细节。
在“Quick Fix Society”中，作者通过作者夫妇真实的一次度假来回路程上的经历，对比走高速公路去西弗吉尼亚和回来时穿越乡村走完全不同的路线而带来的完全不同的感受，从而作者开始思考这样的问题：美国已经在社会的很多方面成为一个追求快节奏的国家，这是文章的主题句。然后作者进一步从三个具体方面详细地阐述这种现象：“不等以后，只争现在”，“不要缓慢，只求更快”，“不求透彻，只重表面”。最后作者向美国的同胞发出号召，让大家放慢脚步去充分品味大自然和人类所创造的美好事物，让人们重新发现生活（茅风华、孙晔，20xx）。
第二册第十五课“The Ridle of Time”属于问题—解决分析模式（简称PS模式），它是一种已被普遍讨论和采用的语篇分析模式。 "
作者先介绍了不同科学家对时间所下的不同定义，然后回顾了人类历史上不同时期人们所创造的不同计时方式，并对人体生物钟这一现象进行了探讨。最后，作者以时间的不可逆转性及计时工具在现代社会中的重要性结束全文（茅风华、孙晔，20xx）。
2.语言特点
在说明文体裁教学中，教师除了向学生讲解文章的宏观结构外，还必须引导他们分析文章的微观结构，掌握说明文的语言特点。说明文的语言特点用为词用句准确、简洁，言简意赅，层次清楚。为了引起读者的兴趣，作者也经常使用适当的修辞手段使文章生动有趣。
例如：“The Ridle of Time”是一篇科普文章，本文语言上一个突出的特点就是通俗易懂：在措辞上，除了个别专业术语外，文章没有什么晦涩生僻的`大词难词，而是常用词；在句式上，也是简洁明了，而不像法律或专业科技文体那样句子冗长复杂（茅风华、孙晔，20xx）。
3.写作手法
说明事物的方法很多，具体主要有定义法、分类法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。
例如：在“Quick Fix Society”中，作者使用了对比法（comparison and contrast）和举例法（illustation）。在“The Ridle of Time”中，作者使用了定义法（definition）：文章一开始作者提出了问题“What is time?”，然后作者列举了不同科学家对时间所下的不同定义。
4.修辞手段
为使文章更加形象生动、简单明了和富有说服力，作者经常使用各种修辞手段。说明文中经常使用的修辞手段有：修辞问句、重复、排比、对比等。
例如：在“Your College Years”中，作者在文章开始使用了三个修辞问句来引出所讨论的话题。排比修辞中包含了词语、词组、句子及从句的排列使用。另外，作者还使用了对照（antithesis）、转喻（metonymy）、对比（contrst）等。
通过以上对说明文的分析，为学生理清了此类语篇脉络，总结出了说明文的结构模式及语言特点、所使用的修辞手段和写作技巧。
四、大学英语专业精读课散文教学教学效果评述
笔者认为，尝试说明文体裁教学会产生以下教学效果。
第一，培养了学生的体裁意识，增强了他们对说明文体裁的分析和理解能力。
第二，提高了学生对说明文的阅读能力。通过说明文范文的阅读，学生能总结出说明文体裁的内容图式和结构图式，这样在以后的阅读中，学生会运用头脑里已经形成的图式结构对此类体裁的语篇进行对比分析，从而掌握它们的体裁结构和语言特征。通过这种方式，可以不断提高学生的阅读自信心和阅读兴趣，从而有效地提高他们的阅读能力。
第三，在说明文教学过程中，教师通过层层分析，使学生学习和掌握了说明文类型文章的模式，增强了学生的写作能力。当学生写作时，已经掌握的语篇模式会给他们提供了参考和借鉴。有了这种模式，学生大脑里就有一个非常清晰的逻辑顺序。他们能够恰当地运用语篇架构，把内容组织得有条有理，使整篇文章读起来非常顺畅，写出的英语文章就非常地道。
第四，说明文教学不仅提高了学生对说明文的阅读鉴赏能力和写作能力，而且有助于培养他们对其他体裁作品的阅读、欣赏和评论的能力。
第五，说明文体裁教学还改变了学生的传统角色。学生的学习由被动接受变为主动探取后，可以提高他们的学习积极性，锻炼他们自主学习的能力。
五、结语
在大学英语专业精读课英语说明文教学中，笔者认为，教师从说明文的语篇分析模式入手，帮助学生理清说明文的宏观结构，然后总结出说明文的结构模式及语言特点、所使用的修辞手段和写作技巧。这样，既培养了学生的体裁意识，增强了他们对说明文体裁的分析和理解能力，又提高了学生对说明文的阅读能力。
参考文献： ［2］胡倩.“体裁教学法”与大学英语阅读教学［J］.苏州铁道师范学院学报，20xx，（1）：113-116.
［3］茅风华，孙晔.现代大学英语（精读2课文辅导）［M］.北京：世图音像电子出版，20xx：242，413-414.
【英语说明文】相关文章：
说明文01-09
事物说明文02-24
除夕说明文03-14
家乡的说明文03-15
操场说明文03-15
电脑说明文03-15
月球说明文03-16
科普说明文03-06
仓鼠说明文02-23